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Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (, ', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: (:ʢæbˈdɑɫ.ɫɐ ben ˈʢæbdæl ʢæˈziːz ʔæːl sæˈʢuːd); 1 August 1924 – 23 January 2015) was the King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from 2005 to his death in 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/about/KingAbdullah.aspx )〕 He ascended to the throne on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd. Abdullah, like Fahd, was one of the many sons of Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. Abdullah held important political posts throughout most of his adult life. In 1961 he became mayor of Mecca, his first public office. The following year, he was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became king. He also served as deputy defense minister and was named crown prince when Fahd took the throne in 1982. After King Fahd suffered a serious stroke in 1995, Abdullah became the ''de facto'' ruler of Saudi Arabia until ascending the throne a decade later. During his reign he maintained close relations with United States and Britain and bought billions of dollars worth of defense equipment from both states.〔( US confirms $60bn Saudi arms deal ) ''Al Jazeera'' 20 October 2010〕 He also gave women the right to vote for municipal councils and to compete in the Olympics.〔(Saudi Arabia profile ) ''BBC''〕 Furthermore, Abdullah maintained the status quo during the waves of protest in the kingdom during the Arab Spring.〔( Saudi Arabia: Fundamental change? ) ''Al Jazeera'' 19 October 2010〕 In November 2013, a BBC report claimed that Saudi Arabia could obtain nuclear weapons at will from Pakistan due to a longstanding relationship.〔(Saudi nuclear weapons 'on order' from Pakistan ) ''BBC''〕 The King outlived two of his crown princes. Conservative Interior Minister Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was named heir to the throne on the death of Sultan bin Abdulaziz in October 2011, but Nayef himself died in June 2012. Abdullah then named the 76-year-old defense minister, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, as crown prince. According to various reports, Abdullah married about 30 times, and had more than 35 children.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=‘We are hostages': A Saudi princess reveals her life of hell )〕 The king had a personal fortune estimated at US$18 billion, making him the third wealthiest head of state in the world. He died on 23 January 2015, aged 90,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/01/king-abdullah-saudi-arabia-dies-150122232049573.html )〕 three weeks after being hospitalized for pneumonia, and was succeeded as king by his half-brother Salman of Saudi Arabia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30945324 )〕 ==Early life== Abdullah was born on 1 August 1924 in Riyadh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz )〕 He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz. His mother, Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim, was a member of the Al Rashid dynasty, longtime rivals of the Al Saud dynasty.〔''A Brief History of Saudi Arabia'' by James Wynbrandt, Fawaz A. Gerges.〕 She was descended from the powerful Shammar tribe and was the daughter of former Shammar tribe chief Asi Shuraim. She died when Abdullah was six.〔 〕 He had younger full-sisters.〔 Madawi Al-Rasheed argues that his maternal roots and his experience of an early speech impediment led to delay in his rise to higher status among the other sons of King Abdulaziz. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abdullah of Saudi Arabia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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